Author: Staff Writer

Regil Jean T. Lazaga

Holy Cross of Davao College Inc., Philippines

Email Address: regiljean.tulipas@deped.gov.ph

How to cite:

Lazaga, R. J. T. (2025). Navigating the engagement, representation, and expression in an inclusive learning environment through the eyes of public school teachers. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Viewpoints, 1(1), 9–25.

ABSTRACT

This study looked into how teachers support diverse learners using strategies grounded in the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework, focusing on three key areas: engagement, representation, and expression. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with fifteen purposively selected teachers from Davao Oriental. Through thematic analysis and triangulation, three main themes emerged, each with sub-themes that reflect how teachers are adapting their practices to meet students’ varied needs. While the study found that teachers are deeply committed to inclusive education, many face barriers such as limited training opportunities, lack of assistive technology, and inflexible assessment tools. These findings point to the need for stronger support systems, more resources, and training that is grounded in the realities of local classrooms. The themes identified in this study also offer a foundation for future research, particularly in developing tools for quantitative studies. Researchers may use these insights as variables and indicators in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to better understand what drives effective inclusion. 

Keywords: Navigating engagement, representation, expression, inclusive learning environment © 2025 The Author 

Received: 9 Mar 2025 Revised: 29 Apr 2025 Accepted: 17 May 2025 Available: 31 May 2025

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Jeffry M. Saro^1*, April Joy B. Alamban², Ashley Cris G. Bonite³, Janel Layo⁴

^1-4Prosperidad National High School, Prosperidad District, Division of Agusan del Sur, DepEd, Philippines

Corresponding Author’s Email: jeffrysaro123@gmail.com

How to cite:

Saro, J. M., Alamban, A. J. B., Bonite, A. C. G., & Layo, L. (2025). Floristic inventory, composition, and distribution of angiosperms in Lianga, Surigao del Sur, Caraga Region, Mindanao Island, Philippines. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Viewpoints, 1(1), 1–8.

ABSTRACT

Angiosperms are vital for ecosystem services such as carbon storage, soil stabilization, and biodiversity maintenance. This study conducted a floristic inventory in Lianga, Surigao del Sur, to document local angiosperm diversity and support conservation planning. Using 20 m × 20 m quadrats replicated along 50–100 m transects, species were identified, counted, and photographed, with verification through scientific tools and expert consultation. Conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List. A total of 19 species from 11 families were recorded. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’ = 2.241) reflected low diversity and uneven species distribution, indicating ecological vulnerability. This highlights the urgency of conservation actions to protect rare and less abundant species. The study provides baseline data for future research and conservation initiatives. Key recommendations include habitat restoration, promotion of native species, community involvement, and regular biodiversity monitoring to ensure long-term ecological stability.

Keywords:  angiosperms, diversity, composition, distribution, Shannon-Weiner diversity, IUCN red list

Received: 9 Feb 2025 Revised: 2 Apr 2025

Accepted: 16 May 2025 Available: 31 May 2025

© 2025 The Author(s)

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